Self-efficacy among students of Al-Hamdaniya University

Abstract

         The research aims to identify the statistical significance of the average self-efficacy scores and its dimensions (ability, generality, strength) among students of Al-Hamdaniya University compared to their theoretical averages. It also seeks to determine the statistical significance of the average self-efficacy scores based on variables such as gender (males and females), academic grade (first and third), and field of study (scientific and humanities). The research population consisted of first and third-year students at Al-Hamdaniya University in the morning study for the academic year (2023-2024), with a sample of (500) students, representing (2.5%) of the original population. The researcher developed a self-efficacy scale, which comprised (42) items in its final form with five response options (very much applicable, applicable, moderately applicable, slightly applicable, and not applicable at all). The researcher assessed the scale's face validity, content validity, and construct validity, obtaining an agreement rate of (85%) and a reliability coefficient of (86%) using the test-retest method and Cronbach's alpha. To achieve the research objectives, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was utilized, and data were analyzed using (one-sample t-test, independent samples t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Cronbach's alpha equation). The research findings revealed that students of Al-Hamdaniya University possess a high level of self-efficacy, with a statistically significant difference in self-efficacy based on gender (favoring females), while no significant differences were found based on academic grade and field of study. In light of the research results, the researcher proposed several recommendations, including organizing seminars, conferences, workshops, and training courses at the university, as well as study groups for students on self-efficacy to enhance and develop it among students.