Tourism geomorphology in Bazian district, west of Sulaymaniyah

Abstract

The research addressed the impact of geomorphological features on tourism in Bazian District, which is administratively affiliated to Sulaymaniyah Governorate, located in northeastern Iraq. It is located astronomically between longitudes (11'18°45 and "48'56°44) east and between latitudes (27'44°35 and "19'27°35) north. The area of ​​the study area is (364 km2). The research focused on studying and analyzing the geomorphological characteristics of Bazian District, and determining the extent of its potential for investment in the development of natural tourism. The district is characterized by the diversity of its terrain, including mountains, valleys, caves, rock formations, rivers, springs, and a variety of soil and natural plants. In addition, its climate is characterized by a semi-arid Mediterranean climate, which is characterized by a moderate climate in the summer and a cold, rainy winter. It is characterized by high rates of rainfall with fluctuations in snowfall in the winter, which makes it a suitable environment for environmental and mountain tourism activities. The research relied on the analytical and field approach, and used Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques to draw and analyze topographic and geomorphological maps, in addition to conducting a field survey and documenting a number of sites of tourist value. The results showed that the district possesses significant natural geomorphological potential, but its investment faces challenges related to infrastructure, weak community awareness, and the absence of tourism plans. Accordingly, the research recommends expanding tourism development in a sophisticated manner, according to the study. The research also recommends conducting comprehensive studies on the importance of geomorphological tourism in Bazian district and the necessity of integrating geomorphology into tourism planning and providing governmental and community support for the development of natural tourism sites, in line with the principles of sustainable tourism and environmental conservation.