The judiciary under the rule of the Qalawun dynasty (678-784 AH / 1279-1382 AD)

Abstract

 The research material was devoted to explaining the status of the position of Chief Justice in a specific period of time، which is the rule of the Qalawun family، starting with Al-Mansur Qalawun and his sons after him. The study came to clarify the emergence of the position and a brief mention of the historical background of its existence and its creation، pointing to its importance in religious and political life، and mentioning the tasks assigned to it from public issues. Despite the corruption that was rampant in the joints of the Mamluk administrative structure، we found that the position of Chief Justice was at a degree of integrity and neutrality far from the whims of the Sultan and the desires of senior statesmen. We mentioned a number of the most famous Chief Justices who were an example of the strength of the judicial personality and the rejection of injustice and deviation for more than a hundred years، so that some of them sometimes when they see in themselves the inability to express or reject an unfair decision، we see them isolate themselves as an expression of their rejection. We found that the Chief Justice was respected by the ruling authorities and the general public، as he was the second person after the Sultan in terms of administrative status. It is appointed exclusively by the Sultan، and is the highest position in the judicial institution. It also has religious and spiritual influence on everyone.