The development of the architectural style of residential units during the morphological stages of the growth of the city of Kut for the period (1812 – 2020)

Abstract

         The research aims to analyze the development architectural style for residential Unit in the city in the context of morphological changes which it went through during the different stages of its growth ، The research deals with studying the relationship between the architectural style of the dwelling and the Urban morphological characteristics with a focus on how the architectural design is affected by economic and social , cultural and planning factors over time .

          Urban growth was divided into specific time periods during which the distinctive residential modals of each period were studied and analyzed in terms of from , intended use , spatial organization , and patterns of response to the environment and climatic factors . The research methodology is based on spatial and temporal analysis using geographical analysis tools such as field studies and comparison between historical and contemporary architectural plans , The research concluded that the residential architectural style is not merely a reflection of aesthetic taste , but rather  a direct response to morphological changes and structural factors in the urban environment . The research also showed that understanding this development could contribute to developing more integrated and sustainable planning and architectural strategies in the future . The residential units in the first phase(1812-1935) were characterized by simplicity and small size , Reflecting rural life and an agricultural-based economy , Urban planning was haphazard and unorganized , During the second phase(1936-1960) with the increase in population density and the improvement of infrastructure and community services , while there are still irregular residential areas . In the third phase(1961-1990) there was a noticeable improvement in infrastructure and community services , and the emergence of organized residential areas  with a developed urban character . While the fourth phase(1991-2020) the phase of transformation and renewal , was characterized by the diversity of housing patterns between the old neighbor hoods and the new planned areas , and the shift from random construction to planned construction , with attention to architectural design and Urban coordination .A significant improvement in serviced , infrastructure and the quality of life within the residential unit in terms of space , building materials and modern household appliances while the fifth morphological stage after 2020 was characterized by great interest in the architectural style of the residential units , from preparing the building map , designing the dwelling , building materials , and using decorations , engravings , and lighting to providing all means of comfort and safety within the dwelling , The research reached a set of results, as the growth of the city’s population and the development of transportation methods contributed to the growth of the city and the emergence of new residential neighborhoods with a modern urban character. Likewise, the standard of living improved for a wide segment of the population, which was reflected in the patterns of housing from the inside and outside (facades) Attention to the smallest details and the use of the latest designs, building materials and Eastern and Western decorations. The difference in people’s outlook and tastes for building homes was also reflected in their variation in terms of design, building materials, doors, windows and colours, as there is no complete match between one home and another in all aspects.