The Role of Dyslipidemia in the Incidence of Strabismus Among Children Aged Under Ten Years

Abstract

This study explores the potential link between dyslipidemia and strabismus in children under the age of ten, aiming to determine whether lipid metabolism abnormalities may play a contributory role in the development or persistence of ocular misalignment. Strabismus, a condition characterized by the misalignment of the eyes, is typically investigated from neurological or muscular perspectives. However, recent evidence suggests that systemic metabolic factors—especially lipid disturbances—may affect extraocular muscle function and ocular nerve integrity.

A descriptive analytical cross-sectional study was conducted involving 90 children (60 diagnosed with strabismus  and 30 healthy controls). Blood samples were analyzed to assess total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL (high-density lipoprotein), LDL (low-density lipoprotein), and VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein). Results showed statistically significant elevations in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL levels in the strabismus group. In contrast, HDL concentrations were significantly lower in this cohort relative to controls. These results raise the possibility that dyslipidemia could impair the microvascular perfusion with concomitant ocular muscle dysfunction or stress in optic nerves. Pathophysiological processes such as arterial stiffness, inflammation and increased blood viscosity can reduce blood supply to muscle tissue that controls the position of the eye, and thus may contribute to strabismus. There are significant differences in the lipid profiles of strabismic children that reflect the genetic, nutritional, and environmental impact.

The findings of this study highlight the necessity for inclusion of metabolic screening with particular reference to lipid profiling in the workup and management of pediatric strabismus  have suggested that early recognition of the lipid abnormalities may offer an opportunity for preventive measures in affected children, leading to specific therapy that might enhance visual and systemic outcomes for these children