The Role of Tafsir in Deriving Jurisprudential Rulings Dr. Ahmed Hussein Khalaf

Abstract

 This research paper explores the role of Tafsir (Quranic exegesis) in deriving Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) rulings, elucidating the close relationship between Tafsir, Fiqh, and Usul al-Fiqh (principles of Islamic jurisprudence). The study begins by defining key terms such as Tafsir, Fiqh, and Istinbat (derivation) linguistically and technically. It then proceeds to clarify the status of the Holy Quran and the Prophetic Sunnah as primary sources of Islamic legislation, detailing the functions of the Sunnah in elaborating the general, restricting the absolute, specifying the general, and confirming the rulings of the Quran. The paper reviews the historical development of the relationship between Tafsir and Fiqh derivation across different eras, from the time of the Prophet and his Companions, where the Prophet was the primary reference, followed by the Companions who diligently interpreted texts, leading to the era of codification and the emergence of independent sciences like Usul al-Fiqh and Tafsir. It also highlights the appearance of "Ahkam al-Quran" (Rulings of the Quran) books as a bridge between these two disciplines. The research presents practical examples of deriving Fiqh rulings from Quranic verses, such as the verse on prohibited women in marriage, fasting verses, and the verse on theft, demonstrating the role of linguistic and rhetorical Tafsir, context, reasons for revelation, and the Prophetic Sunnah in understanding and detailing these rulings. The paper concludes by emphasizing the impact of Fiqh-oriented Tafsir on understanding and applying Sharia rulings, considering the objectives of Sharia, addressing contemporary issues, and building a comprehensive Islamic understanding.