Violence in Black Arts Movement Poetry

Authors

  • Assistant lecturer: Place of work: Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Iraq .

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31185/bsj.Vol22.Iss40.1726

Keywords:

Keywords: Black Arts Movement, violence, resistance, Black identity, city area, masculinity, cultural memory, political poetics

Abstract

Abstract

The Study of the Black Arts Movement of the Nineteen Sixties represents a pivotal moment in the cultural and political transformation of the African American literary way of life. Emerging in the wake of Malcolm X's assassination in 1965, the movement sought to redefine the relationship between art and politics, but also to reconstruct Black identity through considerably engaged aesthetic practices. Historians and literary students, along with Yusef M. Akbar and McCree, have suggested that this transition constituted a deliberate flow towards a praxis that placed the political movement of Black poets, writers, and visible artists as a coherent mode of dissent (Akbar, 2018: forty-five). Poetry, mainly, served due to the fact that it was the incendiary ground in which issues of race, masculinity, cultural reminiscence, and political consciousness were cast into gadgets of resistance. A special political poetics was strategically embedded within the rhetorical systems of the duration, obtrusive in the works and in the recuperation of ancient narrative. In this way, the poetics of defiance articulated through the movement retains its resonance in current racial justice struggles, establishing a temporal linkage between ancient resistance and current-day activism.

Keywords: Black Arts Movement, violence, resistance, Black identity, city area, masculinity, cultural memory, political poetics

References

Reference

1. Akbar, Y. M. (2018). Poetics of Resistance: The Black Arts Movement and the Aesthetics of Liberation. University of Massachusetts Press.

2. Baraka, A. (1968). Black Art. In A. Baraka & L. Neal (Eds.), Black Fire: An Anthology of Afro-American Writing (pp. 19-21). Morrow.

3. Baraka, A., & Neal, L. (Eds.). (1968). Black Fire: An Anthology of Afro-American Writing. Morrow.

4. Carmichael, S., & Hamilton, C. V. (1967). Black Power: The Politics of Liberation in America. Random House.

5. Du Bois, W. E. B. (1994). The Souls of Black Folk. Dover. (Original work published 1903)

6. Fanon, F. (1967). Black Skin, White Masks (C. L. Markmann, Trans.). Grove Press.

7. Farmer, A. (2017). Remaking Black Power: How Black Women Transformed an Era. University of North Carolina Press.

8. Hall, S. (1990). Cultural Identity and Diaspora. In J. Rutherford (Ed.), Identity: Community, Culture, Difference (pp. 222-237). Lawrence and Wishart.

9. Henderson, D. (1968). Keep on Pushing. In A. Baraka & L. Neal (Eds.), Black Fire: An Anthology of Afro-American Writing (pp. 161-164). Morrow.

10. Hernton, C. (1968). Asphalt Plantation. In A. Baraka & L. Neal (Eds.), Black Fire: An Anthology of Afro-American Writing (pp. 95-101). Morrow.

11. Jackmoh. (1968). That Old Time Religion. In A. Baraka & L. Neal (Eds.), Black Fire: An Anthology of Afro-American Writing (pp. 2-6). Morrow.

12. Jeffers, L. (1968). Untitled. In A. Baraka & L. Neal (Eds.), Black Fire: An Anthology of Afro-American Writing (p. 1). Morrow.

13. Kgositsile, K. (1968). The Awakening. In A. Baraka & L. Neal (Eds.), Black Fire: An Anthology of Afro-American Writing (p. 112). Morrow.

14. Kieran, D. (1985). Representing Contemporary Violence in Black Arts Poetry. Journal of Black Studies, 15(3), 155-172.

15. McCree, J. (2019). The Black Arts Movement: Cultural Nationalism and the Politics of Aesthetics. Routledge.

16. Neal, L. (1968). The Black Arts Movement. Drama Review, 12(4), 29-39.

17. Smethurst, J. (2005). The Black Arts Movement: Literary Nationalism in the 1960s and 1970s. University of North Carolina Press.

18. Spillers, H. J. (2003). Black, White, and in Color: Essays on American Literature and Culture. University of Chicago Press.

19. Stewart, J. T. (1968). Announcement. In A. Baraka & L. Neal (Eds.), Black Fire: An Anthology of Afro-American Writing (p. 134). Morrow.

Downloads

Published

2026-06-08

Issue

Section

Articles