Aqueous Azo-Coupling Strategy for the Determination of 3-Aminophenol: Emphasis on Reaction Stability and Practical Environmental Application
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31185/bsj.Vol23.Iss47.1799Keywords:
3-Aminophenol, Spectrophotometric determination, Azo-coupling reaction, Diazotization, Environmental water analysis.Abstract
In this paper, the design of a spectrophotometric process for analyzing the 3-aminophenol (3-AP) in aqueous solutions is described, where the azo-coupling reaction of 3-AP, and an alkaline medium is used to analyze 3-AP and the alkaline medium, respectively. It forms a stable orange azo dye with a maximum absorption wavelength of 458 nm. The results of the analysis showed that the strict adherence of the Beer-Lambert law was observed in the range of concentrations ranging between 1-12 µg/mL, and it showed high statistical efficiency with a coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.9933, which indicates the accuracy of the linear relationship and the quality of the calibration curve. The experiment entailed a massive optimization of the reaction conditions, including the nature and concentration of the base, stability, and sequence of addition of the reagents, and stoichiometric reactions had a 1:1 molar ratio of the complex. The limit of detection was 0.0141 µg/mL, and the limit of quantification was 0.0472 µg/mL, with high sensitivity to pollutants in low concentrations. The proposed methodology has been successfully applied to determine the compound in real environmental samples, such as water from the Diyala River, Khresan River, and Hamrin Lake, with a recovery of 100.13 to 101.59 and a small relative standard deviation (RSD). It is a low-cost and efficient method for analytical labs because it is easy, does not involve complex ways to extract or expensive devices, and can be employed in daily environmental management to check the water quality.
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