A Specialized Journal In The Humanities, Scientific, Educational and Psychological Sciences, and Teaching Methods for Basic Sciences
On Extinguishing Risk-Taking Tendencies in Kindergarten Children
The current research aims to identify (the model and its relationship to multiple attitudes toward the kindergarten child). To achieve the goal of the research, the hypotheses were met: - A- There are no statistically significant differences in the composition of the pre- and post-test for the experimental physical accumulations. B - There are no statistically significant differences in the composition of the pre- and post-test for physical and chemical accumulations. C- There are no statistically significant differences in the experimental test elements of the experimental model and the control model The current research for kindergarten children affiliated with the General Directorate of Rusafa Second Electric Education (2023-2024) determines The researcher concludes: There is a positive relationship between the use of the simulation learning method and the modeling proposed within the program to extinguish the tendency toward risk-taking for pre-school children. It is possible to benefit from learning sources such as modeling and the use of modern means (drawing screens and interactive whiteboards) in extinguishing the tendency toward risk-taking among pre-school children. • Interest in experimental research in the field of modeling that deals with developing children’s skills, especially pre-school children.
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Tolerance among kindergarten children from the perspective of kindergarten teachers
This research aims to determine the level of tolerance among kindergarten children from the perspective of kindergarten teachers. The study sought to identify the significance of differences In teachers' perceptions of tolerance among kindergarten children based on years of service (less than 10 years versus more than 10 years). The research sample consisted of 150 teachers randomly selected from kindergartens affiliated with the Al-Rusafa II Educational Directorate in Baghdad Governorate. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher developed a tolerance scale consisting of 20 items in its final form. Scores were assigned to each item, distributed across the scale's sub-sub … The service, provided by individuals with over ten years of experience, offers their perspective on tolerance behavior in kindergarten children. To complement this research, the researcher presented a set of recommendations and suggestion
The Level of Teachers’ Awareness of Giftedness Indicators among Preschool Children in Baghdad
The current study aimed to identify the level of awareness of giftedness indicators among kindergarten teachers according to the variables of years of service, specialization in kindergarten, and other specializations. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher developed a scale for measuring awareness of giftedness indicators, which consisted of (19) items in its final form. The psychometric properties of the scale were verified, and it was applied to a sample of (200) teachers from the General Directorate of Education, Baghdad Al-Rusafa II, selected using a simple random sampling method during the academic year (2024–2025). In light of the research objectives, the following results were obtained: . Kindergarten teachers have awareness of giftedness indicators- -There is a significant difference in favor of kindergarten teachers compared to teachers from other specializations. -The difference was in favor of kindergarten teachers with (21–30) years of service.
Uncovering selfish behavior in kindergarten children using computing and entertainment technologies
Cognitive computing is an advanced concept that represents a paradigm shift in human-technology interaction. This computer model has proven its ability to assist humans in analysis and inference, enabling them to handle large digital data in all fields. The current study aimed to identify the role of cognitive computing in analyzing the factors affecting selfish behavior in children. The study sample consisted of (100) boys and girls aged (4-6) years from Baghdad Governorate (Karkh-Rusafa), who were answered by their teachers. The researchers confirmed the existence of a problem through questions posed to kindergarten teachers via an electronic questionnaire. The research tools consisted of a set of questions distributed to the research sample. After analyzing the data using cognitive computing techniques, it was found that the use of cognitive computing techniques was successful in diagnosing the most common cases of selfish behavior in kindergarten children. In light of the results, the researchers made a number of recommendations, including: 1- Conducting training courses on how to employ cognitive computing techniques for other behavioral topics. 2- Cooperation between public and private kindergartens and parents in dealing with and addressing children's selfish behavior. The researchers also made a number of proposals, including: 1- Conducting a comparison between the results of cognitive computing and the results of traditional observation in detecting selfish behavior among kindergarten children. 2- Conducting a study on the use of cognitive computing techniques to improve children's social skills.
Selfish behavior, cognitive computing, kindergarten
Evaluating the personal Hygiene of Kindergarten Children from the Perspective of Kindergarten Teachers
The research aims to identify the evaluation of the child's personal hygiene from the point of view of kindergarten teachers representing the research community and sample of kindergarten children affiliated with the Aziziyah Education Directorate، Aziziyah District، Wasit Governorate، from a sample of (100) boys and girls. To detect the personal hygiene of kindergarten children، the researchers prepared a tool consisting of (20) paragraphs with alternatives that the kindergarten teacher observes and answers through the child's behavior inside the school (strongly present - somewhat present - present) (3-2-1). Using appropriate statistical methods، the researcher concluded that the child in kindergarten needs more care، guidance، extensive follow-up، and making every effort to spread the culture of a clean environment in the real community
The current research aims to identify psychological burnout among kindergarten teachers, and the difference in psychological burnout among kindergarten teachers according to years of service (experience). The research community consisted of kindergarten teachers in the General Directorate of Education Baghdad / Rusafa 1, numbering (380) Rusafa 2, numbering (382) in Baghdad Governorate. A sample was chosen randomly if it reached 60 teachers from the research community. In order to achieve the research objectives, the researcher relied on the Maslach scale for psychological burnout, which was translated into the Jordanian environment by (Muqablah and Salama, 1993). And adapted to the Iraqi environment by (Al-Khazraji, 2002). The scale was based on a sample of kindergarten teachers in Baghdad, as it addressed the same sample. The scale consisted of 22 items with four alternatives: "never," "rarely," "sometimes," and "always." The researcher selected the appropriate alternative for each item. The scale was presented to arbitrators and experts, and its validity and reliability were verified. The researcher reached the following conclusions: 1. Kindergarten teachers have moderate burnout. 2. There were no statistically significant differences in the variable of academic achievement (diploma - bachelor's degree). In light of the research results, the researcher recommends the following: Kindergarten teachers who have experience and expertise should provide support through encouragement and providing them with ideas, educational materials, and new strategies. The researcher suggested the following: 1. Conduct a comparative study between kindergarten teachers and primary school teachers on some variables. 2. Conduct a study on the difficulties surrounding the work of kindergarten teachers and methods for resolving them.
The Impact of Integgrating Nutrition and Sports Activities in Kindergarten Children
This study aimed to identify the impact of integration between nutrition and sports activities on kindergarten children. To achieve this, the descriptive survey approach was used, and questionnaires and interviews were used as tools for data collection. The research sample consisted of (148) kindergarten children in government schools affiliated with the Wasit Education Directorate. They were selected using a cluster random sampling method, and (6) interviews were conducted. Using the statistical program (SPSS) to analyze the data, the study results showed that the tool obtained an overall average of 2.96 out of 4.00. At the domain level, the axis of (nutrition concept) obtained an average of (2.89), followed by the axis, both of which received a (high) rating. While they agreed to a very high degree that children work during the children's lunch break, with an average of (2.50). The children also indicated in personal interviews that the nutrition and sports activities that children practice in the kindergarten they attend and practice are healthy, and that there is awareness among families about the type of food and sports activities provided to children. In light of the results The study presented a set of recommendations and proposals to introduce the concept of nutrition and its diversity for children as courses in qualifying and training children and their families on the quality of nutrition.
التكامل، التغذية، الانشطة الرياضية ، طفل الروضة
Cognitive Skills Inclluded in the kindergarten Curriculum According to Marzanos Model
The research aims to determine the extent to which the mental skills included in the kindergarten curriculum are included according to Marzano's model. This required the researchers to adopt Marzano's mental skills classification tool, which is a list of (8) main mental skill categories and (21) sub-skills. Based on this, the questions and activities of the kindergarten curriculum for the initial and introductory stages for the 2024-2025 academic year were analyzed. The researchers used the descriptive approach (content analysis) and relied on the explicit idea alone for recording. Among the results reached by the research was that the questions and activities of the kindergarten teaching curriculum, the first stage, the first year, had the highest repetitions of mental skills, with (183) repetitions and a percentage of (36.09%), while the reasoning skill in all activities had the highest repetition, with (167) repetitions and a percentage of (32.94%) in all the questions and activities of the kindergarten teaching curriculum. The most prominent conclusions were summarized in that the questions and activities of the kindergarten teaching curriculum largely address sensory information and the mental skills related to that. In light of that, the researchers recommended the necessity of balancing the percentages of including mental skills in the kindergarten teaching curriculum. The research came out with proposals, including analyzing and evaluating the kindergarten curriculum according to Marzano’s model.
mental skills - kindergarten teaching method - Marzano model
The effectiveness of a psychological training program in achieving psychosocial adjustment in kindergarten children
The research aims to identify the effectiveness of a psychological training program in achieving psychosocial adjustment among kindergarten children، and to identify the effectiveness of the training program، the researchers used the experimental method، as the research community included (288) boys and girls from the Aziziyah Education Directorate، which numbered (24) kindergartens، and each kindergarten included (12) boys and girls، while the research sample amounted to (190) boys and girls divided into the exploratory sample، construction، stability and application، and the psychological training program included (12) sessions formulated at a rate of two sessions per week، and the psychological adjustment scale in its final form consisted of (35) paragraphs، and the researcher used the SPSS package for statistical methods، and the researchers reached the validity of the psychological adjustment scale among kindergarten children and the effectiveness of the training program applied to them
Integration of People with Disabilities and Special Needs into Society
The current study aimed to understand the (integration of people with disabilities and special needs into society), as it is considered one of the important topics that serve people with disabilities and special needs as well as society at the same time. The integration program is of particular importance, embodying in-depth research and its application in integrating people with disabilities and special needs into society, including students who have learning difficulties and the reasons that lead to these difficulties. The study also addressed the main problems faced by students who need educational and social integration, discussed the most important types of educational integration, and attitudes towards the idea of educational integration. Finally, the study presented the most significant positives and negatives of the educational integration program for people with disabilities, and the researcher concluded with recommendations and suggestions
: integration, people with disabilities, special needs, society
The prohibited attachment to Kindergarten
Sometimes, many children in our societies face various difficulties in their social relationships with caregivers. This can stem from family breakdown and a loss of self-confidence, or from family conflicts and unhealthy family environments that hinder the development of trusting relationships with those around them. This study aimed to understand how and through strategies employed by participants in a group research study to assess the level of prohibited attachment disorder among children in Al-Kut, Kuwait. Researchers adopted the Prohibited Attachment Response Scale, consisting of a series of items and answer choices, and administered it to a group of 100 children. Statistical data was collected and interpreted after achieving the research objectives. The study concluded that children in Al-Kut exhibited a high level of prohibited attachment disorder
Prohibited attention, caregivers, social trust, self-hiddenness, self-need.
Psychological resilience of Kindergarten teachers
The present study aimed to identify the level of psychological endurance among kindergarten teachers, as well as to examine the differences in psychological endurance according to years of service. The study sample consisted of 150 teachers who were randomly selected from the Al-Karkh First Directorate kindergartens in Baghdad. To achieve the study objectives, the researcher constructed a Psychological Endurance Scale, which in its final form included 25 items. Each item was distributed across the response alternatives (very strong, strong, moderate, weak, very weak), and assigned scores of (5–4–3–2–1), respectively. The psychometric properties of the scale—validity and reliability—were verified
The emotional social Competence of kindergarten teachers
The current research aims to reveal the emotional social competence among kindergarten teachers and whether there are statistically significant differences in the level of emotional social competence attributed to the variable (social status, years of service). The sample of the research consisted of (110) kindergarten teachers during the 2024/2025 academic year, selected using convenience sampling. To achieve the research objectives, the emotional social competence scale developed by (Zhou & Ee, 2012) was applied after verifying its validity and reliability. The results of the research showed a high level of emotional social competence, with mean scores ranging between (3.63 - 4.18). The domain of relationship management ranked first with the highest mean score of (4.18), while the domain of self-management ranked last with a mean score of (3.63). The overall mean score for emotional social competence among kindergarten teachers was (3.93), and there were statistically significant differences (α = 0.05) attributed to years of service, with an F value of 13.187 and a statistical significance of 0.000, with differences in favor of those with 10 years or more of service. There were no statistically significant differences (α = 0.05) attributed to social status, with an F value of 0.048 and a statistical significance of 0.827.
emotional social competence, kindergarten teachers.
Integrated awareness of kindergarten parameters
The current research aims to measure the level of holistic awareness among kindergarten teachers. To achieve this objective, the researcher developed a Holistic Awareness Scale, which was reviewed by a group of experts and specialists in the fields of education and psychology to assess the validity of the scale items and the clarity of their wording. Based on their feedback, several items were revised in terms of phrasing and meaning, without omitting any item from the scale. The final version of the scale consisted of 20 items, which were administered to a random sample of 40 kindergarten teachers from the Directorate of Education in Al-Aziziyah District for the 2024–2025 academic year. The data were statistically analyzed using the weighted mean, and the researcher reached several findings, including: Most kindergarten teachers possess a developing and increasingly integrated level of holistic awareness, particularly in educational, psychological, and social aspects. The results also demonstrated that kindergarten teachers have a deeper understanding of integrating mental, emotional, and spiritual dimensions into the educational process. They strive to improve teaching practices to be more inclusive and balanced, thereby supporting the child’s comprehensive development. In light of the procedures and findings of this research, the researcher arrived at several recommendations and suggestions, including: 1 Developing training programs for kindergarten teachers on integrated awareness. 2. Implementing a development program for kindergarten teachers and recognizing them for their competence and proper interaction with children.
Awareness / Integrated Awareness / Kindergarten Teachers
Psychological and Social Adjustment in Kindergarten Children
The research aims to identify the psychological and social adjustment among kindergarten children by identifying the psychological and social adjustment among kindergarten children. The research included - the limits of the research a sample of kindergarten children - the masters of tomorrow for the Aziziyah Education Directorate, Wasit Governorate, for the academic year 2024-2025. The researcher relied on the research tool of the social and psychological adjustment scale for the study tool of Al-Aqla and Dandri 2022, consisting of (67) items in the dimensions of adjustment, social awareness, theory of mind, and social facilitation in four alternatives. The researcher verified the validity and stability of the psychometric properties of the scale, and the research results showed differences in the quality of social and psychological adjustment among children.:
: Psychological adjustment – Social adjustment – Kindergarten
Violent behavior among kindergarten children from the perspective of kindergarten teachers
The research aimed to identify violent behavior among kindergarten children، as well as statistically significant gender differences in violent behavior. To achieve both goals، a tool was developed to identify violent behavior. The scale consisted of (20) items. The validity and reliability of the scale were verified. The tool was applied to a sample of (200) teachers، and the results were: The presence of violent behavior among kindergarten children، and there are no differences in violent behavior between males and females. In light of the results، recommendations and proposals were made.
Emotional Discipline and Its Relationship to Time Awareness among Kindergarten Children
The current research aims to identify the level of emotional discipline and time awareness, as well as the correlation between the two variables among kindergarten children. In order to achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher prepared two scales: emotional discipline and time awareness. The final version of the scale comprised (26) items, while the time awareness scale comprised (20) items. Its psychometric properties were verified, and the scale was applied to a sample of (200) boys and girls from the Baghdad Education Directorate, Second Rusafa, selected using a simple random sampling method for the academic year (2024-2025) In light of the current research objectives, the following results were reached: Children do not have emotional regulation - Kindergarten children do not possess temporal awareness- -There is a positive correlation between emotional regulation and temporal awareness.
Emotional discipline / Time awareness / Kindergarten child
Cognitive closure among kindergarten children’s Mothers in participating Their children in Educationl Activities
The current research aims to identify (creating creative innovations in the field of creativity with mothers of children in sports regarding their children's participation in educational management): There are no statistically significant differences at a significance level of (0.05) on the economic disengagement scale for mothers of kindergarten children.- 2- There are no statistically significant differences at a significance level of (0.05) on the economic disengagement scale for mothers of kindergarten children according to marital status (divorced - married). The results of the current study: 1- The results showed a high level of cognitive closure among mothers of kindergarten children. 2- Divorced mothers exhibit greater cognitive closure than married mothers. 3- The social circumstances surrounding the family contribute to cognitive closure among mothers.. 4- The impact of old customs and traditions on mothers' levels of cognitive isolation. 5- Social circumstances influence mothers' closed-mindedness.
(cognitive closure - classroom activities).
Artificial Intelligence and Its Role in Developing Scientific Concepts for Preschool Children from the Perspective of Kindergarten Teachers
The study aimed to identify the role of artificial intelligence in developing scientific concepts for preschool children from the perspective of kindergarten teachers. The researcher used the descriptive approach due to its suitability for the research objectives and questions. The research population consisted of (124) female teachers from public and private kindergartens affiliated with the General Directorate of Education in Wasit – Al-Aziziya Education Department. The research sample was selected randomly and consisted of (36) female teachers from both public and private kindergartens. The researcher prepared a questionnaire to measure the role of artificial intelligence in developing scientific concepts, consisting of (33) items distributed across four components. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine the validity and reliability of the instrument. The results indicated high levels in the role of artificial intelligence in developing scientific concepts, its utilization, and its advantages in science learning. Furthermore, the study revealed real and tangible obstacles facing the application of artificial intelligence in kindergartens, including material and technical barriers (lack of devices and high costs), followed by human barriers (lack of training and technical support). The study recommended the necessity of focusing on the professional and technological preparation of kindergarten teachers to provide them with training skills in imparting scientific concepts and preparing a generation that can cope with the requirements and changes of the era.
Artificial Intelligence, Scientific Concepts, Kindergarten, Kindergarten Teachers
Naturalistic intelligence and its relationship to biological concepts inkindergarten children at the preschool stage
The present research aims to identify naturalistic intelligence and its relationship to biological concepts in kindergarten children at the preschool stage. The research sample consisted of (100) boys and girls from public kindergartens under the Al-Aziziyah Directorate of Education for the academic year 2024-2025, selected through random sampling. The research adopted the correlational descriptive method for its suitability to the nature of the objectives. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher adopted the items for the scales: the Naturalistic Intelligence Scale consisted of (30) items encompassing three dimensions (Cognitive Dimension, Affective Dimension, Behavioral Dimension), while the Biological Concepts Scale consisted of (14) items. The psychometric properties of both instruments were verified to ensure they were ready for application. After conducting statistical processing using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), the results showed the following: - The mean scores of children on the naturalistic intelligence scale were higher than the hypothetical mean, with statistically significant differences. - Their level of biological concepts exceeded the expected level for their age. - There is a strong, positive, and statistically significant correlation between naturalistic intelligence and biological concepts, indicating that the development of one variable contributes to the enhancement of the other. The research recommends the necessity of integrating educational activities related to the environment and nature into kindergarten curricula, and simplifying scientific concepts using sensory tools and practical experiments. Additionally, it recommends training teachers on active learning strategies that consider the child's direct experiences. The research also suggests conducting subsequent studies on broader samples and comparing naturalistic intelligence with other types of multiple intelligences.
Natural intelligence,Biological concepts,kindergarten child.
Art as atool to integrate children with special needs in basic education
The study aims to explore the role of art as an educational and pedagogical tool for integrating children with special needs into basic education, by highlighting the capacity of artistic activities to enhance communication skills, develop cognitive and motor abilities, and build self-confidence. The findings indicate that practices such as drawing, theater, music, and handicrafts open opportunities for better interaction between children with special needs and their peers, fostering a classroom environment based on acceptance and cooperation. The study also emphasizes the importance of implementing art programs in schools as part of the comprehensive inclusion process, while providing teachers with the necessary support to design artistic activities tailored to each child’s needs. It concludes that employing art in basic education is not merely a recreational activity, but a strategic tool for integrating this group in a humane and practical way. This requires educational institutions to adopt integrative art programs and train teachers on methods of using the arts in ways that meet the needs of every child. In light of the research findings, the researcher conclud the following: 1.The study showed that integrating artistic activities within school classrooms enhances the opportunities for children with special needs to interact with their typically developing peers and reduces signs of isolation and withdrawal. . 2.Participation of children in shared artistic activities contributed to improving their ability to cooperate, take turns, and respect group rules, which positively reflected on their social integration. . The researcher proposed the following: : 1.Studying the impact of activities such as drawing or theater on enhancing interaction between children with special needs and their peers. . 2.Investigating the relationship between practicing the arts (such as music or handicrafts) and the development of fine motor skills and visual perception in children
(Integration of children ,special needs, Basic Education)
Methods of teaching the geography of the Earth to a kindergarten child
This research aims to identify methods for teaching the geography of the Earth to kindergarten children, specifically focusing on educational units about the Earth's rotation and movement in the universe. This is achieved by examining the curriculum used in Iraqi kindergartens. After analyzing the curriculum content, the researcher posed several questions regarding methods for teaching kindergarten children the four cardinal directions of the Earth, the geographical paths of the universe, and the nature of planetary orbits. These questions were posed by children to their teachers about God's creation of the universe, the paths of the sun, moon, Earth, and other planets, the occurrence of day and night, the course of rivers and lakes, and the nature of the Earth's layers and atmosphere. The researcher began by collecting ten questions during field visits to kindergartens in Kut, the capital of Wasit Governorate, specifically at the Model Child Village and Future Child Schools, under the Wasit Directorate of Education. These ten questions and hypotheses were then used to create a mock test with questions and answers. The child's questions, stemming from their confusion in seeking answers to these scientific questions, were addressed in a sample of (50) children from two kindergartens. A tool was used to measure the methods of teaching children Earth's geography by asking kindergarten teachers about the nature of their teaching and learning methods for studying the universe and the Earth. The teachers' responses included questions about these methods, which were: (educational pictures, documentaries, dialogue, discussion, illustrated questions, illustrated stories, illustrated lectures, illustrated puzzles, demonstrations, and illustrated and electronic maps). The study concluded that children's study of the universe and Earth's geography is primarily conducted through dialogue, discussion, illustrated questions, illustrated stories, and illustrated and electronic maps. The researcher offered some recommendations and suggestions. Methods of Teaching Earth's Geography to Kindergarten Children: An Analytical Field Study in Light of the Iraqi Kindergarten Curriculum. This research aims to identify methods of teaching Earth's geography to kindergarten children by studying the Iraqi curriculum units related to the Earth's rotation and movement in the universe, and analyzing This study investigated the teaching methods used in kindergartens in Al-Kut, Wasit Governorate. Researchers used exploratory questions from the children (10 questions) and transformed them into test questions for the teachers. The study was conducted on a sample of 50 children from the "Model Child Village" and "Child's Future" schools. A list of teaching methods was presented (pictures, films, dialogue, stories, presentations, electronic maps, etc.). The results indicated that dialogue and discussion, illustrated questions, illustrated stories, and maps (both physical and electronic) were the most effective methods for teaching geography to children. A set of recommendations is offered to improve teaching practices in this area(Methods of teaching the geography, a kindergarten child).
teaching geography, kindergarten, education methods, childrens perception, curriculum lraq.
The effects of using modern technology on the behavior of kindergarten children From the mothers' perspective
This research aims to identify the effects of modern technology use on the behavior of kindergarten children from the mothers' perspective. To achieve this, the researchers employed a descriptive methodology. The research sample consisted of working mothers with children aged 100 4 -6 years enrolled in government kindergartens. A questionnaire was developed to measure the positive and negative effects of technology use on children's behavior. The final version of the questionnaire comprised . items30 The research findings revealed that kindergarten children's use of modern devices has several negative effects on physical, psychological, health, social, and religious aspects, in addition to several positive effects on social and educational aspects. Key Research Recommendations ; -Families should be aware of the negative and positive effects of these technologies in order to cultivate the positive benefits and minimize the negative effects within the family and society. Parents should balance their children's leisure time with the use of modern technology and physical activity. Research Suggestions; Conduct research on the impact of advanced technology on social behaviors. Conduct several studies related to families to educate their children about the dangers of modern technology and its social, moral, and religious harms. Conduct studies on the role of media in mitigating the negative aspects of modern communication technologies .
The Child in Abbasid Poetry: Emotional Presence and Social Concern
This research addresses the image of the child in Abbasid poetry from a literary perspective, based on the hypothesis that the Abbasid poet was not isolated from the social and emotional reality surrounding children. The research traces the emotional presence of the child in poetic texts, based on the hypothesis that the poet was not isolated from the social reality and the surroundings of its members. Therefore, the researcher was keen to interrogate Abbasid poetic texts. Which embodied feelings of fatherhood, feelings of loss, or longing for childhood as a symbol of purity and clarity. The poet treated the child as a being of emotional value, and this was evident in the poetic imagery and expression of emotional situations in artistic ways that varied between elegy, nostalgia, description, advice, and even social criticism.
University Adjustment among Kindergarten Students
The present study aims to identify the level of university adjustment among a sample of kindergarten department students, and to examine the significance of differences in university adjustment according to the variable of academic grade level. The study is limited to female students of the Kindergarten Department, College of Basic Education, Al-Mustansiriya University, for the academic year )2024–2025(. The researcher selected a sample of (100) students using the stratified random sampling method with proportional distribution, allocating 25 students for each grade level. The researcher adopted the University Adjustment Scale developed by Baker & Siryk (1984) and later adapted into Arabic by )Ali Abdul-Salam(. This scale consists of (36) items distributed across the following dimensions: (1) Academic Adjustment, (2) Social Adjustment, (3) Personal-Emotional Adjustment, and (4) Goal Commitment. The response format includes five alternatives: (Never applies, Applies to a small extent, Applies moderately, Applies to a great extent), scored on a scale of (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). To assess reliability, the scale was applied to the main research sample (100 students), and Cronbach’s Alpha was calculated, yielding a reliability coefficient of (0.91). To establish validity, both face validity and construct validity were employed. The findings indicated that the sample of the study demonstrated a good level of university adjustment, and that there were no statistically significant differences in university adjustment according to grade level.
University compatibility, kindergarten students
Active Receptive Learning among kindergarten students
The current research aims to identify active receptive learning among female students of the Iraqi University, Kindergarten Department. The research sample consisted of (75) female students from the College of Education for Girls, Kindergarten Department, Iraqi University, for the academic year (2025-2026). To achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher adopted the active scale (Ojana, 2022), consisting of (15) paragraphs, each paragraph has (5) answer alternatives, which are (always, often, sometimes, rarely, never). The respondent chooses the appropriate alternative from them. It was given (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) respectively when correcting. The researcher applied it to her research sample individually for the period (2024/19/2) using the t-test for a single sample.
Traumatic Events and childrens Drawing: Their Psychological and Social Dimenions.
This research aimed to identify common problems among children exposed to stressful traumatic events through their drawings, to understand the psychological and social behavioral problems, and to assess the impact of these events and their negative repercussions on the children. It also explored how these issues are identified through their drawings and free expression. Given the importance of this age group, where children are more affected by stress than adults because they are still developing and unable to cope with it and the threatening external world, it is crucial to study the effects of life on artistic expression. Therefore, this research sought to highlight the means of expressing stress (drawing) and to clarify methods of addressing it. The research concluded with a set of findings and recommendations
:Traumatic Events, Psychological and Social Dimensions
Defensive pessimism among kindergarten students
The current research aims to measure defensive pessimism among kindergarten students. The descriptive analytical approach was used، as it is appropriate for the subject of the study. To achieve the research objectives، the researcher constructed a defensive pessimism scale، which in its final form consists of (30) items. ، and five areas، and the scale may be one of the following alternatives (does not apply to me at all، applies to me a little، applies to me rarely، applies to me to some extent، applies to me to a large degree، applies to me completely)، and the apparent and structural validity of the scale was achieved، and reliability was extracted using the Cronbach’s alpha method، and the reliability coefficient was reached according to the Cronbach’s alpha method، and the research tool was applied to a sample of (150) A sample of female kindergarten students (four grades) for both morning and evening classes for the 2025-2026 academic year were randomly selected. The study concluded that the sample of female students exhibited a high level of defensive pessimism. In light of the study results، the researcher developed a number of recommendations and proposals
Defensive pessimism، kindergarten students
Kindergarten teachers' level of practice of sensory thinking skills in light of their educational experience.
The aim of the research was to identify the level of practice of kindergarten teachers of sensory thinking skills in light of their educational experience. The research sample consisted of (152) kindergarten teachers who were chosen intentionally and affiliated with the Aziziyah Education Directorate/Wasit. The research included a tool for sensory pictorial thinking skills, which consisted of seven pictorial skills with (52) educational pictures. The results of the research showed that the level of kindergarten teachers’ practice of sensory-pictorial thinking skills was at an average level with an arithmetic mean of (3.11) and a standard deviation of (0.90). The results also showed that the calculated (T) value was less than the tabular (T) value in all areas of the sensory-pictorial thinking skills tool, except for two areas (discrimination skill, comparison skill), meaning that there are no statistically significant differences in these areas attributed to the variable of teaching experience (short, long), and that the calculated (T) value was greater than the tabular (T) value in the areas (summarization skill, comparison skill), meaning that there are statistically significant differences in these two areas attributed to the variable of teaching experience in favor of those with short teaching experience. In light of the research results, the researcher recommended some recommendations and suggestions
مهارات التفكير الحسي , معلمات رياض الأطفال
sensitivity Treatment sensory of the teachers kindergartens
The current research aimed to identify sensory processing sensitivity among kindergarten teachers and the differences in sensory processing sensitivity among kindergarten teachers according to some variables, such as specialization, marital status, and length of service. The researcher prepared a sensory processing sensitivity scale after reviewing previous theories and studies. The scale consisted of (23) items. The researcher used the descriptive approach, and the research sample consisted of (170) teachers in the first, second, and third Rusafa directorates. Using appropriate statistical methods, the researcher concluded that kindergarten teachers have a high level of sensory processing sensitivity
حساسية ، المعالجة ، الحسية ، معلمات ،رياض، الأطفال