Pre-number concepts in kindergarten children

Abstract

     This study aimed to identify pre-number concepts among kindergarten children. The research sample consisted of،( boys and girls from(80 government kindergartens in the first Karkh Directorate for the academic year 2024، 2025. After reviewing previous theories and studies and to achieve( the research objectives، a pre-number concepts test was constructed، which consisted of 28 paragraphs distributed over four areas (classification، arrangement، symmetry، equivalence) It was set for the purpose of binary gradation in the answer (true، false) and these two alternatives are given weights (1 for the correct alternative) and (zero for the false alternative). To calculate the stability، the test was applied to the stability sample، the size of which was (40) boys and girls، then the researcher used the Kuder Richardson method (kr-20) where the stability coefficient calculated according to this method reached  (0.775)ti is an acceptable stability coefficient، and the researcher concluded that there are differences between the average scores of the sample on each concept and the hypothetical average of the scale، and this difference is in favor of the average scores of the sample، which means that kindergarten children are distinguished by their possession of   Pre-number concepts: There are differences between the average scores of males and the average scores of females on each concept and the total score. This difference is in favor of the average scores of males، with the exception of the concept of equivalence، where there were no differences between the average scores of males and females.